Report on Field Trip

Report on Field Trip Executive Summary Field trips serve one vital function as far as education is concerned. Field trips link the classroom experience with the outside world in so doing they not only improve learning, but also give both the learner and educator valued practical experience (Jin and Lin, 2012). The tour they took with Greg Nannup of the Indigenous Tours WA was an interesting one judging by the varied lessons that we had to receive. This report is prepared to that effect. It details the events and the lessons learnt from the field trip conducted with the said tours agency. This particular trip visioned at improving their knowledge base grounded in the classroom concerning indigenous tourism. During this event, they encountered several wonderful spectacles like the magnificent shipwreck gallery in Fremantle. This gallery with its combined history and culture offers the tourists come visiting with a lively tourism site. The field trip owed its success to the tour guide, Greg Nannup who engaged the students in legends throughout the trip. A majority of his legends concerned the variety of tourist attractions that the students came across including the architectural buildings, the Freemantle Prison, and the Swan River. A brief detail of this is discussed in this report. In due course, the report provides information on the aboriginals’ connection with Fremantle, which actually is the basis of the indigenous tourism in the place. Introduction Within the Perth region, the Fremantle Heritage Tour is among the oldest indigenous experience. It starts at the Fremantle Maritime Museum next to the waterfront and wander pasts other spectacular sites along the Swan River (Smith, 2011). Tourists in the region enjoy the view of the Nyoongar homelands, which is famous for wildlife spotting, bush-tucker searches, and weapon demonstrations. Other than Fremantle’s well-illustrated history, covering the last two hundred years lays the colourful and rich native history of over forty thousand years (trip advisor, n.d). Fremantle, which is located next to the Perth and the mouth of the Swan River, was home to the indigenous people of Australia for a very long time. The Nyoongar makes up the local aboriginal language group living in this area. The aspects of the life and history of the Aboriginal Nyoongar population enlightens within the Fremantle Aboriginal Heritage Walking Tour (Rivera, 2012). Tourists exploring the indigenous culture plus the history in Fremantle discover that Swan River is an important part of the Aboriginal Dreamtime. Tourists get familiar withthe story of Wagyltogether with the aspects of the aboriginal history within the Fremantle area during the aboriginal Heritage Walking Tour. The field trip’s main goal was exploring the rich history that the Fremantle area holds, and in this regard, discovering the multi faceted nature of Fremantle’s heritage, both before and after the European settlement. This particular report explores a field trip that took place at the Fremantle Aboriginal Heritage Walking Tour. Background As a requirement of the course, students are expected to take part in a field trip to an indigenous tourist destination. In this regard, the indigenous destination that is the subject of this report is the Fremantle, a place well known for its well-preserved architectural heritage. The Fremantle Aboriginal Heritage Walking Tour bequeathed the students with a pleasant and exceptional walking experience, which absorbed them into the culture of one of Australia’s most attractive cities. The students had the chance of exploring Perth’s natural charm and its hidden treasures. In addition, they engaged in its colourful history, starting from its colonial and indigenous beginnings to its current boomtown, filled with corruption and crime. The students gathered outside the shipwrecks gallery in Fremantle, an area bordering the Fishing Boat Harbour. They were led by Greg Nannup of the Indigenous tours WA in the trip that took one and a half hours to complete. Aims of the Report Field trip reports improve the educational value of a trip (Kolin, 2012). The trips deal with the spatial relations among data and the time relationships like the cultural history or geological processes. This report addresses two chief functions. First, it provides the practical experience that persuades students to realize the theoretical and conceptual discussions of their studies. Secondly, it  improves the process of information  gathering, as students are able to step outside their  imagined perceptions to  collect their experiences as the data for the knowledge founded on interpretation. In equal proportions, the report imitates the learning and experience achieved during the field trip. Consequently, through the preparation of the report, students are able to ponder their enhancement proficiency within this field of indigenous tourism. Site Description Fremantle serves as a habitat to a majority of iconic and well-recognized tourist attraction sites. This makes it a notorious destination both for interstate and international visitors. Fremantle was originally home to mass accumulation and whaling stations. It is an attractive little city, famous for its vast multicultural historical sites and restaurants. In equal measures, it includes convict built colonial epoch edifices in addition to one of the most tarnished prisons within the larger British Empire called ‘the World Heritage Listed Fremantle Prison’. While people are busy exploring the place, they are likely to hear surprising noises of Irish prisoners as well as the comical British  Bush rangers escaping. This is the result of the World War II and the dishonourable eviction of the aboriginals to the Rottnest Island. In the past years when passenger ships served as the common means of transport for international travellers, Fremantle remained the western entranc e to Australia. Several migrants arrived via the ship making this place their home. However, the jet travel changed Fremantle’s fame as a destination, following which the port city appeared the centre of global attention during Australia’s defence of American Cup in the year 1987. Currently, Fremantle still holds on to much of its usual charm. Most of Fremantle’s old edifices have been carefully restored and as well, the west end of the port is officially among the outstanding archetypes of a Victorian port streetscape in the universe. Fremantle enjoys a lively atmosphere given that there is always something taking place around the city, ranging from exhibitions, markets and concerts, festivals, to street performances. The Field Trip/ Literature Review The experience during the Fremantle Aboriginal Heritage Walking Tour was one to die-for. With the radiant, educational, and entertaining experience, the trip was a success. It gave the student visitors the story of the Wagyl together with the bit on the aboriginal history within the Fremantle area. An instance is the Fremantle Round House, which was constructed in 1831on Arthur Head. This building is not just Fremantle’s oldest edifice, but was also once a local prison. In the following years, it served as a holding cell to the aboriginal prisoners before they could proceed to the prison on the Rottnest Island. Yangan, an aboriginal resistance hero, is known to be among the first prisoners in Round House. After his rebellion against the white settlers, he was trailed and murdered. His head was cut off from the body, after which it was brought to England. After an exhibition in a Liverpool museum, it was buried in a mass grave. However, after some years, the head was exhumed an d an aboriginal delegation brought it back to Perth. The tale of the disastrous rates of indigenous  imprisonment within Australia in the modern day and the twentieth century was explained to the students and they could not help but question on the relevance of the prison museum to the children of an aboriginal background. Greg explained that the prison presents itself mainly as a site of convict imprisonment and virtually fails to notice the many years that after the convict period. This act stresses the diverse and fundamentally contested importance of such sites (Frew and White, 2011). Greg continued on the Fremantle prison saying that as an iconic architectural entity, the prison stands as an example of Australia’s legal, institutional, and social history, and, therefore, a monumental signifier of national identity. Convicts built the old Fremantle prison between the years 1851 to 1855. The prison contains an underground tunnel. The students were able to learn new information concerning the convicts, maritime legends, and stories of free settlers. One surprising discovery for them was that the prison has numerous paranormal activities in the form of ghosts, who have been living in the prison from the past. Besides, the prison’s history includes sufferings and hardships, which are observed on the brick walls as a lingering imprint. For example, the red, yellow, and black aboriginal flag is a major symbol of resistance and nationalism (Wilson, 2008). It is to be seen in a variety of places on the cell walls, in common places, and even as carved into sandstone walls. Just as the Western Australian Indigenous Tourism Operators Council (2011) state, while on an one-hour walk in Fremantle with an aboriginal guide, tourists are likely to learn concerning the importance of Fremantle to the Nyoongar people in addition to the dreaming tales concerning the area. The main experiences include the aboriginal culture plus history, traditional aboriginal hunting and gathering, aboriginal dreamtime, plus the tours of historic and sacred aboriginal sites. Starting from the Fremantle Town Hall, the tour took a non-traditional route through Freo, at the same time getting to know of the precise, irrelevant, and  subjective information of this place en route for the energetic cappuccino strip as well as the Roundhouse. The one and a half hour walk through the historic streets of the town, beginning at the Maritime Museum, through to the Roundhouse was of great significance. It gave the students a powerful insight into the aboriginal people’s experiences, p lus how the settler invasion had an effect on them. A variety of aspects covering the history and life of the aboriginal Nyoongar populace became apparent within the Fremantle Aboriginal Heritage Walking Tour. As the Aboriginal guide took us through the path of native history and culture in Fremantle, the students realized that the Swan River is very much a part of the Aboriginal Dreamtime and the Aborigines treasure it as the most significant Dreaming trail within the larger part of Wagyl,also known as the winged Rainbow Serpent. In the context of Aboriginal beliefs, the extraordinary creature, the Wagyl lived within the reaches of the Swan River. In addition, it is linked to the development of the riverbed, which took place when it glided through the sand. Thus, the Nyoongar belief system holds the notion that the Swan River was formed in this way and the proof is the Wagyl’s existence. Around the Swan River foreshore, the ENRICH (Encouraging Reconciliation through Indigenous Culture and Heritage) trail discovers sites of importance to the Nyoongar Aborigines (Smith, 2011). They integrate Barrack Square, Kings Park, Heirison Island and Point Fraser, and the Supreme Court Gardens. Others sites such as the Pinjara, the Serpentine River, and the Mandurah as well collect the past and present rituals and traditions of primeval ancient groups living along the coastline. Moreover, the students were able to learn of the fact that major developments remain suitable within the Swan River. With this in mind, CY O’Connor, the engineer-in-chief of Western Australia from 1891 was responsible for a vital public works plan to build up the colony (South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council, n.d.). Hence, he was able to encourage the government that the greatest undertaking for Fremantle involved constructing a river mouth harbour. Certainly, the project was launched in 1892, with the harbour opening up its doors in 1897. Likewise, the students learnt more concerning the history of the place. According to the Nyoongar aboriginals, visitors frequented Fremantle during summer months during which fish and shellfish were in plenty. Greg recollected the history of fishing a long the Swan River, demonstrating a way of using leaves and sticks to catch fish and crabs along the riverbanks. At the Fremantle harbour, the shallow waters formed a favourable environment for catching fish. Furthermore, Greg explained on the link between Fremantle and the aboriginals. According to Buchholtz (2005), students should make a variety of choices regarding their host culture’s societal networks and these choices should result in a reflective effect on the extent to which they become socially integrated. With regard to this, Greg did elaborate on the vital sites and their histories, and shared dreaming stories from the region. He explained how the European settlement interrupted the local people, the link with the Rottnest Island, and the significance of the Swan River. The lessons learnt here included that the name Fremantle was borrowed from Captain Fremantle. On arrival to the city, the Nyoongar people gave him food, water, and fire. In addition, they sang throughout the night welcoming the white fella (wadjella) arrival. This was a novel refreshing approach to the old city from the eyes of the Nyoongar. In equal measures, the guide provided riveting insights into the traditional uses of plants, ranging from weaving, aid from stings, bandages, among others. There was a magnificent walk through the Perth’s striking Kings Park where they paid close attention to the plants that were initially used as food, medicine, and shelter by the Nyoongar tribe. The informative walk beginning with a cultural traditional reception ritual, the tanderum in which the visitors breathe in the strong aroma of native foliage that burns and smokes. The walk then ends with lemon myrtle tea and a review of some traditional tools and weapons. Indigenous Tourism and Sustainable Development A variety of researchers have discovered indigenous tourism as a method for sustainable development since it attracts visitors, stimulating local economies via a generation of tour revenues (Shikida, Yoda, Kino Morishige, 2009; Choi and Sirakaya, 2005; Zeppel, 2009; Wallace Russel, 2004; WhitfordRuhanen, 2010; Altman Finlayson, 2003). Uniformly, it helps preserve the natural, cultural, and social resources of the communities. Moreover, Blicker, Cottrel, and Black (2012), stress that indigenous tourism should aim at improving the lives of indigenous people, eliminating poverty, and contributing to environmental sustainability on a local and global extent. Tourism is a likely source of employment and economic growth for the indigenous population in Australia (Buultjens Fuller, 2007), and, thus, tourists are always invited to learn about the Aboriginal cultures within the country (Zeppel, 1999). Fremantle relishes indigenous tourism, which is the major source of employment and finance for the people living within the city (PerthNow, 2012). As Schmiechen (2006) explains, the place is of vital significance as it gives the visitors a strong focus on indigenous communities, people, and organizations with an explicit interest and participation in tourism. The exclusive aspects of the indigenous cultural traditions and history of Fremantle are embedded within the cultural and heritage tourism. In addition, the ceremonial aspects of indigenous culture are featured in Freemantle’s special events and native festivals. As Zeppel (2007) explicates, indigenous cultures are more often than not the basic moving factors for tourist’s vis it to exotic destinations, and tribal events. Fremantle, while taking upindigenous tourism for sustainable development, connects its recording facilities and institutions to the sites of native cultural tourism (Dunbar-Hall, 2004). From this viewpoint, it provides sustainable income to the aboriginals involved in media and music. In some cases, these places are as well the places of aboriginal broadcasting facilities and media relations. They observe numerous agendas. To start with, they are the chief site for dissemination of contemporary aboriginal music. Additionally, through indigenous control of broadcasting, they are a direct arena of empowerment, and thus allow aboriginal involvement within publicly available media and representations of aboriginality. In conclusion, they play a significant role in the development, preservation, and encouragement of indigenous cultures and languages. Additionally, the travel guides within Fremantle are all local people, thus they have the exact information as concerning the area. According to Carr (2004), on-site interpretation aids to raise visitor’s awareness that a particular place has certain special importance to the local people, thus giving the visitors awareness of the cultural dimensions of that particular area. Greg Nannup, being highly knowledgeable and professional, proved to be highly engaging with the students and answered all their questions. In fact, he made the tour environment more authentic. The very fact that he is an aboriginal from the South Western side of Australia makes him authentic. As Mcintyre and Gosford (2011) attest, tourism in the twenty-first century is concerning people connecting with the globe, culture, and the bona fide experiences as opposed to the mere taking of photographs. Moreover, tourists are on the look out for nature-based experiences, thus they hunt for indigenous explanation of the surrounding milieu and landscape (Kandari Chandra, 2004). Greg, as a travel guide puts this experience into the visitors. In addition, he is able to relate Fremantle’s indigenous tourism to sustainable development. Greg highlighted that his expressive voice in addition to the value of the stories he told had been passed down from generations, thus making them cultural in nature. Thus, he remains in a position to offer insight into the reasons why Fremantle and its environs are such a vital place for the indigenous population. Greg clarified on the special link between Fremantle and its aboriginals. The land surrounding Fremantle has always been an important place for the aboriginals. Discussion The field trip was important in learning about the historic port city of Fremantle. The students did not just wander the adventurous streets and laneways, but also learnt about Fremantle’s rich and diverse history and culture, which is embedded within its colourful inhabitants, well-preserved architecture, and great food. They got the rare chance of exploring the rationale behind it being a famous destination for both the local communities and international visitors. One of the reasons is Fremantle’s unique character captured by its heritage architecture, music, culture, and its restaurants. Conclusions and Recommendations Field trips are a vital part of the school curriculum as they proffer students with the necessary experience that cannot be imitated within the school setting. Nevertheless, they are a critical part of the general knowledge. Students affirmed that the trip to Fremantle was a tremendously optimistic experience for them. When asked which aspects of the field trip improved their interest and understanding of the course, they rated learning about the historical and cultural aspects of the Fremantle aboriginals as the most important.

Terrorism Essays

Terrorism Essays Terrorism Essay Terrorism Essay Terrorism Name: Institution: Date: Terrorism The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on U.S soil made the country realize its vulnerability to terrorist attacks. A decade later, the terror threat remains present despite the efforts made by the United States to thwart terror agents across the globe. The Western countries such as the UK, Spain and the US have been some of the major targets. Israel being aligned to western ideals has also been an object of terror attacks. Terrorism in U.S soil in 2001 changed the face of the United States in terms of domestic security and foreign policy. Terrorism in the world varies since terror attacks are heavier in other areas as opposed to others. Areas that are the most vulnerable are countries that harbor terrorist and extremist groups and the countries next to them. Pakistan, for example, saw one of the highest terror attacks in 2011 with 1,436 attacks (NCTC 2011, p10). The country’s proximity to Afghanistan makes it more vulnerable to terror attacks since the Afghanistan harbors the Taliban extremist group. The only other countries with high terrorist attacks were Afghanistan and Iraq. The sites of terror activities usually enjoy freedom from government interference. An example is the Taliban in the mountains of Afghanistan or the Al-Shabaab in Somalia. The lawless nature of these countries gives them the opportunity to operate freely within these countries. The failed attacks of an Israeli jetliner, for example, the terrorist were said to have come in through Somalia where lawlessness makes it impossible to control terror groups (Shinn 2004, p33). As a result, several terror attacks have taken place because of the operational freedom terror groups have to further their causes. Laws and procedures need to be applied stringently to ensure that terror groups are not allowed to operate. The Wars on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan by the international community are some of the efforts made to ensure that countries have legitimate governments that protect the rule of law. United States have embarked on a scheme to monitor the communication among its citizens after the events of September 11, 2001. If law enforcement agencies were monitoring communication, in realtime, maybe the attacks would have been averted. However, the most important thing is to advocate for strengthening terror laws in countries where these laws do not exist. Government should be at the forefront of designing policy, law and organizations to carry out the procedures requirements set out in the laws and policies. The government has the mandate to provide security to its citizens. It is only right that they should be accorded the mandate to determine anti-terror laws and agencies fit to enforce such law. However, while the government play a major role in anti-terror activities, it is also necessary that it includes other parties such as the public and private sector since the laws directly affect them. It should also liaise with other countries to ensure that terror attacks involving terror attacks on American people in foreign lands are under control (Shinn 2004, p37). The moral obligation or practical reason of the United States has been questioned with regard to being involved in terror activities in other countries. However, they have both a practical reason and a moral obligation to fight terrorism in the world. A practical reason would be that America cannot stand by yet they have felt the full effects of terror on their own soil. America standing by means that they leave room for the terror groups to strengthen and cause more harm to the world and to the American people at home and away from home. In 2004, armed assailants stormed into the American embassy in Jeddah Saudi Arabia resulting in five deaths. If America is not concerned with the terror implications to its people from other countries, then it will have failed in its mandate to protect its citizens. Morally, the United States is obliged to interfere in terror activities in other countries since these activities usually perpetrate human rights violations. The vast military resources are unwarranted if they cannot be used to safeguard global citizens who have the right to a peaceful existence. Since 9/11, the idea of terrorism has affected every American in one way or the other. The immediate impact was the fear that gripped the nation and the many lives lost in the bombings were unbearable. Security measures have been felt across the country so that people can feel much safer since the terror attacks inspired fear. This fear has had negative effects to the Islam community living the United States and abroad (Elshatain 2003, p20). These Americans have been considered enemies in their own countries despite the fact that they had no involvement in the attacks and were as equally shocked like other fellow Americans. In this sense, the events of 9/11 have brought about racial tensions between people of Mid East Asian descent and other American people (Elshatain 2003, p33). The terror attacks also destroyed the picture Americans had about how the country was perceived around the world. The American people realized that they were not a beloved nation all over the world. The nati on also entered into two wars that have been some of the longest wars the U.S has ever fought. As a result, American lives have been lost in these wars leaving loved ones behind. The American people are now concerned with how safe they are. Security remains among the top priorities for the American people. This has made the government increase expenditure on security issues both internally and externally. Its main aim is to ensure that terrorism in the world is finished. The United States have recorded successes in the battle against terror. For example, the killing of the Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the Al-Qaeda showed the commitment of the country with regard to terror. The levels of terrorism in the world have reduced by 12% in 2011 (NCTC 2011, p9). America has been an effective contributor in achieving these results. References Elshtain, J. B. (2003). Just war against terror: The burden of American power in a violent world. New York: Basic Books. National Counter Terrorism Center. (2011). The National Counterterrorism Center Report on Terrorism. The U.S Government. Retrieved from nctc.gov/docs/2011_NCTC_Annual_Report_Final.pdf Shinn, D. (September 2004). â€Å"Fighting Terrorism In East Africa and the Horn†, Foreign Service Journal, pg 36-42. 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Commodity Chain Research Paper with Map of Chain

Commodity Chain with Map of Chain - Research Paper Example Some of the production factors considered when evaluating a business process entails the availability of raw materials and all the factors that surround the raw materials like the required transport charges and the nearness to the raw materials source. On the other hand, the consumption process has to be analyzed to evaluate the various factors that influence the market pattern of the products. This brings us to the juncture of studying the production commodity chain (Bair 46). Commodity Chain of China’s Honey This commodity chain is focusing on the production of Chinese honey, its export process and all the social, economical and the political aspect surrounding it (Gereffi 75). Chinese honey is produced in the central Guangzhou province. Guangzhou province is the second largest and most populated province in the People’s Republic of China. The leading economic activity in this region is crop production. Guangzhou province is also the leading producer of Chinese honey that is illegally transported to the US through India. The exact location of honey production in Guangzhou province is the Xue Xing County. The residents in this region have been practicing honey production as their major cultural activity (Gereffi 88). Bee keeping in this region is facilitated by the environmental conditions, which include availability of water from the great Xue Xing River. Since honey production evolved into a lucrative business in China, many venture capitalists have invested in mass production honey exercises. Honey production proved to respond to the economic needs of the local population. Mass production of honey in this region has maintained the cultural practices of the local community (Stringer and Heron 241). The province is also known to attract political attention in the country because of the population and the economic strength attributed to honey exports. The local workers benefits from the wages they collect and most of them are known to be practici ng small scale bee farming and selling the honey to large companies for processing. Therefore, honey production is a social as well as an economic activity in this Xue Xing County (Hu-DeHart 76). Honey production is encouraged by the local authorities because of the economic viability of the honey industry. Mass honey production is carried out by large established local companies in Xue Xing County. The largest producer of honey is the Xue Xing Honey Company. Honey production and harvesting is carried out by local casual workers employed who are the local residents. Upon maturity, honey is harvested and taken to the company’s processing facilities near the harvesting sites where they are processed and packed in large quantities. After packing and branding, the honey is loaded into train containers and transported to New Delhi, India. India allows the importation of Chinese honey into their country. The honey imported to India is meant for local human consumption and other ind ustrial uses of honey. However, the price of honey in India is not high compared to the market in Australia and America. Therefore, the honey barons from China would want to secure another lucrative market in the international platform. The labeling process is suspected to be carried out in Xue Xing subordinate company in India’s New Delhi (Hu-DeHart 34). The honey is removed from the containers and repacked into small quantity cans meant for export product. This process of labeling is not authentic and is normally carried out